Finland’s Data Centers Exploited for Cyber Espionage by Russia and China
Finland’s growing data center industry has become a target for cyber espionage by authoritarian states, particularly Russia and China, according to the Finnish Security and Intelligence Service (Supo). Helsingin Sanomat reports that these countries exploit Finnish data centers to conduct intelligence operations against Finland’s partner nations.
Supo highlights that the volume of cyber espionage via data centers has surged throughout the 2020s. While Russia is currently the more significant actor in these activities, Chinese operators are more active in establishing data center projects in Finland. Some foreign-backed operators attempt to conceal their ties to these countries, raising concerns over national security.
Bulletproof Hosting and Sanctioned Entities
A key concern is the use of so-called bulletproof hosting providers, which shield users from law enforcement scrutiny. Iltalehti notes that one such entity, the Russian Media Land Group, was added to the EU sanctions list in July for its role in cyber operations targeting EU member states. The group allegedly conducted ransomware and phishing attacks on critical infrastructure, including in Finland and the United States.
Supo warns that as Finland’s data center capacity expands, so too will the risks of espionage and malicious activities. The agency criticizes current regulations for failing to provide authorities with timely information about data center operations.
Finland’s Appeal and Public Concerns
Finland’s attractiveness for data centers stems from its affordable electricity and cool climate, which reduces cooling costs. However, the industry’s growth has sparked debate. A survey by Ilta-Sanomat last spring found that most Finns would either assess data centers on a case-by-case basis or support an outright ban on future projects.
The business sector is also divided. Expanding data center capacity could strain Finland’s electricity supply, potentially increasing average electricity prices by up to 10% if current capacity doubles, according to a government review.
