Climate

Unusual Cooling and Clarity in Bothnian Sea Due to Upwelling

File photo by MoRsE from Wikimedia Commons, Public domain

The Bothnian Sea is currently experiencing cooler and clearer water than usual, a phenomenon attributed to upwelling, according to the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). Yle reports that this process occurs when surface water is displaced by wind, allowing colder water from deeper layers to rise to the surface.

Ilta-Sanomat explains that upwelling is driven by specific wind conditions, particularly when winds blow parallel to the coastline in the Northern Hemisphere, with the shore to the left of the wind direction. This causes surface water to flow away from the coast, drawing up colder, nutrient-rich water from below. While oceanic upwelling can bring water from depths of up to 200 meters, in the Baltic Sea, the rising water typically originates from just a few dozen meters deep.

The phenomenon is common during midsummer in the Baltic Sea (FMI). However, upwelling can also contribute to the formation of blue-green algae blooms, as noted by Ilta-Sanomat. The current conditions in the Bothnian Sea highlight the dynamic interplay between wind, water movement, and seasonal patterns in the region.

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